AD2 model is a Java-based software application for hydrological simulation at the catchment scale, developed at the University of Basilicata (Potenza, Italy). It implements the conceptual rainfall-runoff model originally proposed by Fiorentino & Manfreda (2004), extended to daily time-step simulations with the addition of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge components.
The model represents the catchment as a lumped conceptual bucket and simulates the following water balance components: infiltration, surface runoff, subsurface flow, deep percolation, and evapotranspiration. The discharge hydrograph is computed as the sum of three contributions — surface, subsurface, and baseflow — using a linear reservoir routing scheme. Potential evapotranspiration is estimated via the Blaney-Criddle method. Model performance is evaluated through Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (EFF), RMSE, and AAE statistics.
The software features a user-friendly graphical interface, support for time-series input (rainfall and temperature), and compatibility with common GIS platforms (ArcGIS, GRASS, QGIS). It was tested on the experimental catchment of Fiumarella di Corleto (Basilicata, southern Italy).
Reference:
Manfreda, S., Rosano, R., & Fiorentino, M. (2026). AD2 Hydrological Model. In Exploiting the use of physical information for the calibration of a lumped hydrological model (Vol. 32, Number 10, pp. 1420–1433). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19520681
Rosano R., Manfreda S., Fiorentino M., Sole A. (2008). Sviluppo ed ingegnerizzazione di un modello per la simulazione idrologica a scala di bacino. 31° Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Perugia, 9–12 September 2008.